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Как мешает умным людям эффект Даннинга-Крюгера?

Мы уверены, что вы не раз сталкивались с незнающими людьми, которые пытались выдавать себя за эксперта в чем-то. Так вот, такое поведение психологами называется «эффектом Даннинга — Крюгера».

Эффект был известен человечеству еще во времена древних философов. Это становится понятным из их высказываний. Например, вот выражение древнекитайского философа Лао-цзы: «Знающий не говорит, говорящий не знает». Сократ относительно этого сказал: «Я знаю, что ничего не знаю».

Данный эффект распространяется не только на тех, кто ничего не знает, но и на тех, кто знает, однако, из-за недооценки себя предпочитают молчать в большинстве случаев. Особенно, это проблема стала актуальной в современном обществе, где мнение необходимо высказывать практически везде и даже в социальных сетях.

30.06.2020 17:05 883

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Whoops, looks like something went wrong.

(1/1) ErrorException fwrite(): write of 1749 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded
in StreamHandler.php line 133
at HandleExceptions->handleError(8, 'fwrite(): write of 1749 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded', '/home/judo/public_html/vendor/monolog/monolog/src/Monolog/Handler/StreamHandler.php', 133, array('stream' => resource, 'record' => array('message' => 'ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 204 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home/judo/publ...\', 122, Array)#1 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'Yy7yDESlLNxAIXh...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home/judo/public_html/public/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 /home/judo/public_html/server.php(21): require_once(\'/home/judo/publ...\')#9 {main}', 'context' => array(), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'local', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2025-04-20 19:14:15] local.ERROR: ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 204 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home/judo/publ...\', 122, Array)#1 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'Yy7yDESlLNxAIXh...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home/judo/public_html/public/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 /home/judo/public_html/server.php(21): require_once(\'/home/judo/publ...\')#9 {main} ')))
at fwrite(resource, '[2025-04-20 19:14:15] local.ERROR: ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 204 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home/judo/publ...\', 122, Array)#1 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'Yy7yDESlLNxAIXh...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home/judo/public_html/public/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 /home/judo/public_html/server.php(21): require_once(\'/home/judo/publ...\')#9 {main} ')in StreamHandler.php line 133
at StreamHandler->streamWrite(resource, array('message' => 'ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 204 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home/judo/publ...\', 122, Array)#1 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'Yy7yDESlLNxAIXh...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home/judo/public_html/public/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 /home/judo/public_html/server.php(21): require_once(\'/home/judo/publ...\')#9 {main}', 'context' => array(), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'local', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2025-04-20 19:14:15] local.ERROR: ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 204 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home/judo/publ...\', 122, Array)#1 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'Yy7yDESlLNxAIXh...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home/judo/public_html/public/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 /home/judo/public_html/server.php(21): require_once(\'/home/judo/publ...\')#9 {main} '))in StreamHandler.php line 119
at StreamHandler->write(array('message' => 'ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 204 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home/judo/publ...\', 122, Array)#1 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'Yy7yDESlLNxAIXh...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home/judo/public_html/public/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 /home/judo/public_html/server.php(21): require_once(\'/home/judo/publ...\')#9 {main}', 'context' => array(), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'local', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2025-04-20 19:14:15] local.ERROR: ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 204 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home/judo/publ...\', 122, Array)#1 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'Yy7yDESlLNxAIXh...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home/judo/public_html/public/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 /home/judo/public_html/server.php(21): require_once(\'/home/judo/publ...\')#9 {main} '))in AbstractProcessingHandler.php line 39
at AbstractProcessingHandler->handle(array('message' => 'ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 204 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home/judo/publ...\', 122, Array)#1 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'Yy7yDESlLNxAIXh...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home/judo/public_html/public/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 /home/judo/public_html/server.php(21): require_once(\'/home/judo/publ...\')#9 {main}', 'context' => array(), 'level' => 400, 'level_name' => 'ERROR', 'channel' => 'local', 'datetime' => object(DateTime), 'extra' => array(), 'formatted' => '[2025-04-20 19:14:15] local.ERROR: ErrorException: file_put_contents(): write of 204 bytes failed with errno=122 Disk quota exceeded in /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:122Stack trace:#0 [internal function]: Illuminate\\Foundation\\Bootstrap\\HandleExceptions->handleError(8, \'file_put_conten...\', \'/home/judo/publ...\', 122, Array)#1 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php(122): file_put_contents(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', 2)#2 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/FileSessionHandler.php(83): Illuminate\\Filesystem\\Filesystem->put(\'/home/judo/publ...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\', true)#3 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Store.php(128): Illuminate\\Session\\FileSessionHandler->write(\'Yy7yDESlLNxAIXh...\', \'a:4:{s:6:"_toke...\')#4 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Session/Middleware/StartSession.php(88): Illuminate\\Session\\Store->save()#5 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(218): Illuminate\\Session\\Middleware\\StartSession->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#6 /home/judo/public_html/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Kernel.php(189): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminateMiddleware(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#7 /home/judo/public_html/public/index.php(58): Illuminate\\Foundation\\Http\\Kernel->terminate(Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Request), Object(Illuminate\\Http\\Response))#8 /home/judo/public_html/server.php(21): require_once(\'/home/judo/publ...\')#9 {main} '))in Logger.php line 344
at Logger->addRecord(400, object(ErrorException), array())in Logger.php line 712
at Logger->error(object(ErrorException), array())in Writer.php line 203
at Writer->writeLog('error', object(ErrorException), array())in Writer.php line 114
at Writer->error(object(ErrorException))in Handler.php line 71
at Handler->report(object(ErrorException))in Handler.php line 35
at Handler->report(object(ErrorException))in HandleExceptions.php line 81
at HandleExceptions->handleException(object(ErrorException))